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Dampness and mould are more than just unsightly – they can be a serious risk to your health. If left untreated, the presence of mould spores and persistent moisture in the home can lead to a range of health problems, especially for vulnerable individuals. In this blog, we explore the key health risks associated with damp and mould, who is most at risk, and why swift action is so important.

What causes mould and damp-related health issues?

When your home has excess moisture due to condensation, rising damp or penetrating damp, mould spores can thrive. These microscopic spores are released into the air and, when inhaled or in contact with skin, can trigger a range of physical reactions.

The problem is made worse by poor ventilation and lack of sunlight, which create ideal environments for mould to grow, especially in bathrooms, kitchens, basements, and behind furniture on external walls.

Who is most at risk from damp-related health issues?

While anyone can experience health problems from damp environments, some groups are significantly more vulnerable:

• Children and babies: Their immune systems are still developing, and they breathe more rapidly, making them more susceptible to mould spores.
• Elderly people: Age-related health issues, particularly respiratory conditions, can be worsened by damp conditions.
• People with respiratory problems: Asthma, bronchitis and COPD can all be aggravated by dampness and mould exposure.
• Those with weakened immune systems: Individuals undergoing chemotherapy, those with autoimmune diseases, or people recovering from illness are more at risk.
• Allergy sufferers: Mould spores can trigger allergic reactions such as sneezing, skin rashes and itchy eyes.

Common health symptoms linked to damp and mould

Living in a damp environment can result in a number of symptoms that often mimic other health issues, making the cause difficult to diagnose without addressing the source:

• Persistent coughing and wheezing
• Shortness of breath or chest tightness
• Nasal congestion or sinus infections
• Itchy or red eyes
• Skin irritation, eczema flare-ups or hives
• Fatigue or headaches, often due to poor indoor air quality
• Worsening of asthma symptoms, including increased reliance on inhalers
• Long-term health effects of mould exposure
• Chronic exposure to damp and mould can lead to more serious health issues. Over time, prolonged exposure may cause:
• Chronic respiratory infections
• Permanent lung damage in severe cases
• Increased sensitivity to allergens
• Sleep disturbances from coughing or nasal congestion

In extreme cases, where black mould (Stachybotrys chartarum) is present, mycotoxins can pose serious neurological risks. Though rare, this is a reason not to ignore even moderate damp problems.

What does public health guidance say?

NHS guidance and the UK Health Security Agency both recognise the health risks of living in damp and mouldy conditions. Tenants are advised to report problems promptly to landlords or housing associations. Homeowners are encouraged to take proactive steps to treat damp and prevent recurrence.
Healthcare professionals often consider environmental conditions when diagnosing unexplained respiratory symptoms, especially in children.

Practical steps to reduce health risks

If you suspect damp is affecting your health, here are some steps to take:

• Improve ventilation: Open windows, use extractor fans, and consider using a dehumidifier.
• Clean mould safely: Use appropriate mould removal products and wear gloves and a mask when cleaning.
• Fix the root cause: Identify whether it’s rising damp, condensation or penetrating damp, and take corrective action.
• Consult your GP: If symptoms persist, speak to a medical professional about possible environmental triggers.
• Arrange a professional damp survey: Ensure your home is properly assessed to find and fix the source of the moisture.

Conclusion

Dampness and mould aren’t just cosmetic concerns – they are genuine health hazards. If you or your family experience recurring respiratory issues or allergy-like symptoms, it could be linked to the conditions in your home. The good news is that many causes of damp are fixable. By identifying and addressing issues early, you can protect both your property and your health.